Query Parameter Models¶
If you have a group of query parameters that are related, you can create a Pydantic model to declare them.
This would allow you to re-use the model in multiple places and also to declare validations and metadata for all the parameters at once. 😎
Note
This is supported since FastAPI version 0.115.0. 🤓
Query Parameters with a Pydantic Model¶
Declare the query parameters that you need in a Pydantic model, and then declare the parameter as Query:
from typing import Annotated, Literal
from fastapi import FastAPI, Query
from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
app = FastAPI()
class FilterParams(BaseModel):
limit: int = Field(100, gt=0, le=100)
offset: int = Field(0, ge=0)
order_by: Literal["created_at", "updated_at"] = "created_at"
tags: list[str] = []
@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(filter_query: Annotated[FilterParams, Query()]):
return filter_query
🤓 Other versions and variants
from fastapi import FastAPI, Query
from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
from typing_extensions import Annotated, Literal
app = FastAPI()
class FilterParams(BaseModel):
limit: int = Field(100, gt=0, le=100)
offset: int = Field(0, ge=0)
order_by: Literal["created_at", "updated_at"] = "created_at"
tags: list[str] = []
@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(filter_query: Annotated[FilterParams, Query()]):
return filter_query
from typing import List
from fastapi import FastAPI, Query
from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
from typing_extensions import Annotated, Literal
app = FastAPI()
class FilterParams(BaseModel):
limit: int = Field(100, gt=0, le=100)
offset: int = Field(0, ge=0)
order_by: Literal["created_at", "updated_at"] = "created_at"
tags: List[str] = []
@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(filter_query: Annotated[FilterParams, Query()]):
return filter_query
Tip
Prefer to use the Annotated version if possible.
from typing import Literal
from fastapi import FastAPI, Query
from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
app = FastAPI()
class FilterParams(BaseModel):
limit: int = Field(100, gt=0, le=100)
offset: int = Field(0, ge=0)
order_by: Literal["created_at", "updated_at"] = "created_at"
tags: list[str] = []
@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(filter_query: FilterParams = Query()):
return filter_query
Tip
Prefer to use the Annotated version if possible.
from fastapi import FastAPI, Query
from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
from typing_extensions import Literal
app = FastAPI()
class FilterParams(BaseModel):
limit: int = Field(100, gt=0, le=100)
offset: int = Field(0, ge=0)
order_by: Literal["created_at", "updated_at"] = "created_at"
tags: list[str] = []
@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(filter_query: FilterParams = Query()):
return filter_query
Tip
Prefer to use the Annotated version if possible.
from typing import List
from fastapi import FastAPI, Query
from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
from typing_extensions import Literal
app = FastAPI()
class FilterParams(BaseModel):
limit: int = Field(100, gt=0, le=100)
offset: int = Field(0, ge=0)
order_by: Literal["created_at", "updated_at"] = "created_at"
tags: List[str] = []
@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(filter_query: FilterParams = Query()):
return filter_query
FastAPI will extract the data for each field from the query parameters in the request and give you the Pydantic model you defined.
Check the Docs¶
You can see the query parameters in the docs UI at /docs:
Forbid Extra Query Parameters¶
In some special use cases (probably not very common), you might want to restrict the query parameters that you want to receive.
You can use Pydantic's model configuration to forbid any extra fields:
from typing import Annotated, Literal
from fastapi import FastAPI, Query
from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
app = FastAPI()
class FilterParams(BaseModel):
model_config = {"extra": "forbid"}
limit: int = Field(100, gt=0, le=100)
offset: int = Field(0, ge=0)
order_by: Literal["created_at", "updated_at"] = "created_at"
tags: list[str] = []
@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(filter_query: Annotated[FilterParams, Query()]):
return filter_query
🤓 Other versions and variants
from fastapi import FastAPI, Query
from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
from typing_extensions import Annotated, Literal
app = FastAPI()
class FilterParams(BaseModel):
model_config = {"extra": "forbid"}
limit: int = Field(100, gt=0, le=100)
offset: int = Field(0, ge=0)
order_by: Literal["created_at", "updated_at"] = "created_at"
tags: list[str] = []
@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(filter_query: Annotated[FilterParams, Query()]):
return filter_query
from typing import List
from fastapi import FastAPI, Query
from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
from typing_extensions import Annotated, Literal
app = FastAPI()
class FilterParams(BaseModel):
model_config = {"extra": "forbid"}
limit: int = Field(100, gt=0, le=100)
offset: int = Field(0, ge=0)
order_by: Literal["created_at", "updated_at"] = "created_at"
tags: List[str] = []
@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(filter_query: Annotated[FilterParams, Query()]):
return filter_query
Tip
Prefer to use the Annotated version if possible.
from typing import Literal
from fastapi import FastAPI, Query
from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
app = FastAPI()
class FilterParams(BaseModel):
model_config = {"extra": "forbid"}
limit: int = Field(100, gt=0, le=100)
offset: int = Field(0, ge=0)
order_by: Literal["created_at", "updated_at"] = "created_at"
tags: list[str] = []
@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(filter_query: FilterParams = Query()):
return filter_query
Tip
Prefer to use the Annotated version if possible.
from fastapi import FastAPI, Query
from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
from typing_extensions import Literal
app = FastAPI()
class FilterParams(BaseModel):
model_config = {"extra": "forbid"}
limit: int = Field(100, gt=0, le=100)
offset: int = Field(0, ge=0)
order_by: Literal["created_at", "updated_at"] = "created_at"
tags: list[str] = []
@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(filter_query: FilterParams = Query()):
return filter_query
Tip
Prefer to use the Annotated version if possible.
from typing import List
from fastapi import FastAPI, Query
from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
from typing_extensions import Literal
app = FastAPI()
class FilterParams(BaseModel):
model_config = {"extra": "forbid"}
limit: int = Field(100, gt=0, le=100)
offset: int = Field(0, ge=0)
order_by: Literal["created_at", "updated_at"] = "created_at"
tags: List[str] = []
@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(filter_query: FilterParams = Query()):
return filter_query
If a client tries to send some extra data in the query parameters, they will receive an error response.
For example, if the client tries to send a tool query parameter with a value of plumbus, like:
https://example.com/items/?limit=10&tool=plumbus
They will receive an error response telling them that the query parameter tool is not allowed:
{
"detail": [
{
"type": "extra_forbidden",
"loc": ["query", "tool"],
"msg": "Extra inputs are not permitted",
"input": "plumbus"
}
]
}
Summary¶
You can use Pydantic models to declare query parameters in FastAPI. 😎
Tip
Spoiler alert: you can also use Pydantic models to declare cookies and headers, but you will read about that later in the tutorial. 🤫